The Co-operative Republic of Guyana, the only nation state of the Commonwealth of Nations in South America, is the 3rd smallest country of South America. The nation shares its border with Suriname to the east, Brazil to the south and southwest and by Venezuela to the west. Georgetown is the capital of Guyana. Guyana has a Semi-presidential republic.
HISTORY:- The Warrou people were the earliest inhabitants of Guyana before the first European encounter in 1500. Later the Arawak and Carib tribes of Amerindians inhabited the region. The Dutch appeared in the region in 17th century, the British arrived in the 18th century. During the Napoleonic wars, the British snatched away Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo from the Dutch to form British Guiana in 1831. Slavery was banned in 1834 and many people migrated into the region. In 1889, when Venezuela claimed a large portion of Guyana, an international tribunal ruled the land belonged to British Guiana in 1899. In 1928 British Guiana gained the status of a crown colony and in 1953 it was granted with home rule. The first political party- Progressive People's Party was formed under the leadership of Cheddi Jagan and Forbes Burnham. After the split of Progressive People's Party in 1955, Burnham formed People's National Congress. In 1966, Guyana gained independence from UK and in the next year it became a republic. Jagan became the Prime minister. The United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) provided secret support to Burnham's People's National Congress to weaken the position of Jagan. In 1978 Guyana gathered world’s attention when 918 American members committed mass suicide in Jonestown.
GEOGRAPHY:- Guyana is located at 5 00 N, 59 00 W in Northern South America, spanning through 214,970 sq km area (land: 196,850 sq km, water: 18,120 sq km). The coastline is 459 km long bordering the North Atlantic Ocean. The lowest point is Atlantic Ocean (0 m) and the highest point is Mount Roraima (2,835 m). Guyana is formed of rolling highlands in the interior, low fecund coastal plain; savannas in the south and dense rainforests in the middle. Among many rivers, the Essequibo, the Demerara, and the Berbice are major.
CLIMATE:- The climate of Guyana is mostly tropical, hot, and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds. It has two rainy seasons (May to August, November to January).
GOVERNMENT:- Guyana is a republic. The constitution was adopted on 6th October 1980. The legal system is based on the English common law with a little fusion with the Roman-Dutch law. The three branches of the government are:
Executive branch comprises the President (chief of state), the Prime minister (head of government), and cabinet. The President is elected by a popular vote. The President appoints the Prime minister and the cabinet ministers as well.
Legislative branch comprises the unicameral National Assembly (65 seats).
Judicial branch comprises the Supreme Court of Judicature.
Major political parties of Guyana are People's Progressive Party/Civic, People's National Congress, Alliance for Change, Guyana Action Party/Rise Organize and Rebuild, and The United Force. Suffrage is universal at 18.
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS:- Guyana is divided into 10 regions.
CULTURE:- Guyana is a non-Hispanic country in South America. The culture of the country is very close to the English-speaking Caribbean culture. Football and cricket are widely practiced in Guyana. Guyanese cricket team is a part of West Indies cricket team in the international level.
ECONOMY:- Agricultural and mining sectors are two main bases of the economy of Guyana. The constant growth of Guyanese economy is handicapped by the unskilled labour forces and a deficient infrastructure.
GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $2.92billion; per capita $3,800.
Real growth rate: 5.4%.
Inflation: 12.2%.
Unemployment: 9.1% (2000) (understated).
Arable land: 2%.
Labor force: 418,000 (2001 est.); agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a.
Agriculture: Sugarcane, rice, wheat, vegetable oils; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish, shrimp.
Industries: Bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining.
Natural resources: Bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish.
Budget:
Revenues: $446.2 million
Expenditures: $531.2 million (2007 est.)
Revenues: $446.2 million
Expenditures: $531.2 million (2007 est.)
Debt - external: $1.2 billion (2002)
Exports: $499.4 million f.o.b. (2007 est.): sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber.
Imports: $835.8 million f.o.b. (2007 est.): manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food.
Major trading partners: Canada, U.S., Netherlands, UK, Portugal, Belgium, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba (2006).
Monetary unit: Guyanese dollar
LANGUAGE:- English is the official language of Guyana. Other languages like Guyanese Creole, Akawaio, Caribbean Hindustani (Hindi), Macushi, Wai-Wai, Arawakan, and Cariban are also widely spoken in the Guyanese.
CITIES:- The capital of the nation Georgetown is the largest city. Other large cities are Linden and New Amsterdam.
POPULATION:- The Guyanese population is estimated 769,095 with a growth rate of 0.2%.
Density per sq mi: 10
Literacy rate: 99% (2003 est.)
Density per sq mi: 10
Literacy rate: 99% (2003 est.)
RACE:-
East Indian 43.5%
Black (African) 30.2%
Mixed 16.7%
Amerindians 9.2%
Other 0.4% (2002)
East Indian 43.5%
Black (African) 30.2%
Mixed 16.7%
Amerindians 9.2%
Other 0.4% (2002)
RELIGION:-
Christian 50%
Hindu 35%
Muslim 10%
Other 5%
Christian 50%
Hindu 35%
Muslim 10%
Other 5%
HEALTH:-
Birth rate: 17.85 births/ 1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 8.29 deaths/ 1,000 population (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 30.43 deaths/ 1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.43 years
Total fertility rate: 2.03 children born/ woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 1,100 (2003 est.)
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2005): 238
Birth rate: 17.85 births/ 1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 8.29 deaths/ 1,000 population (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 30.43 deaths/ 1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.43 years
Total fertility rate: 2.03 children born/ woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 1,100 (2003 est.)
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2005): 238
UNICEF:- There are three main priorities of UNICEF in Guyana:
1. Establishment of social policies and rights to reduce inequalities in society.
2. Improvement of education and life skills by focusing on childhood, early childhood and adolescence development and by providing proper education to them.
3. Provision for local systems for integrated child protection eyes on the delivery of basic social services at every levels of society.
Apart from the aforementioned issues, UNICEF also fights against HIV and constantly campaigns against it.
2. Improvement of education and life skills by focusing on childhood, early childhood and adolescence development and by providing proper education to them.
3. Provision for local systems for integrated child protection eyes on the delivery of basic social services at every levels of society.
Apart from the aforementioned issues, UNICEF also fights against HIV and constantly campaigns against it.
TRANSPORTATION:-
Railways: total: 187 km (all dedicated to ore transport) (2001 est.).
Highways: total: 7,970 km; paved: 590 km; unpaved: 7,380 km (1999 est.).
Waterways: 1,077 km; note: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km respectively (2004).
Ports and harbors: Georgetown. Airports: 93 (2007).
Railways: total: 187 km (all dedicated to ore transport) (2001 est.).
Highways: total: 7,970 km; paved: 590 km; unpaved: 7,380 km (1999 est.).
Waterways: 1,077 km; note: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km respectively (2004).
Ports and harbors: Georgetown. Airports: 93 (2007).
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